In the closing decades of the 20th century, new paradoxes from the domains of both theory and observation rose to challenge the orthodox version of the big bang as a theory for time's origin. From the 1980s onward, new ideas and new discoveries forced cosmologists to push beyond and before the big bang. Now they are out searching through a wild west of ideas, some of which seem more like science fiction that science.
1. An eternal "multi-verse" made of infinite, parallel universes (with infinite versions of you). Lots of little bangs, but no big beginning.
2. A string theory universe in 10 dimensions of ever-repeating cycles. One bang follows another forever and ever and ever.
3. A universe where time doesn't exist at all. Each moment is eternal, separate, complete and independent (in other words, the cat that jumps is not the same cat that lands).
Adam Frank
1. An eternal "multi-verse" made of infinite, parallel universes (with infinite versions of you). Lots of little bangs, but no big beginning.
2. A string theory universe in 10 dimensions of ever-repeating cycles. One bang follows another forever and ever and ever.
3. A universe where time doesn't exist at all. Each moment is eternal, separate, complete and independent (in other words, the cat that jumps is not the same cat that lands).
Adam Frank
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